Friday, 14 March 2014

Anyte of Tegea

Recently a FaceBook friend posted a Sappho poem.  It started me wondering about how many other Classical female poets had left fragments of work, and today I discovered Anyte of Tegea.

To be honest, she seems to be so well-known and famous that I'm more than a bit ashamed not to have come across her before.

The following are my attempts at a few translations, followed by a bit more info on her, followed by the Greek texts.


"A lament for Antibia, a maiden:
Many bridegrooms
(in their own imagination, at least)
flocked to her father's house.
Word of her beauty brought them,
and her wisdom's growing fame.

But Fate, the destroyer,
swept all such hopes away."


Apparently Anyte was the first to also write epitaphs for animals.



To a dog

"You too met your doom, like those great ones of old,
in this many-rooted thicket.
Oh, Locri,
Noise-loving barker,
Speediest of pups,
into your lightly-leaping paw he stabbed his sharp poison,
that speckle-banded snake."


Three Girls  (victims of war?)

"We lived, O Miletus, beloved homeland,
spurning the lawless violence of the wild Galatians.
Three girls, fellow-citizens, brought to this fate
by the violent war-god of the Celts.

For we did not await their bloody, impious embraces,
but chose Death as a more kindly bridegroom."



From Encyclopedia Britannica:
Anyte,  (flourished 3rd century bc, Tegea, Arcadia), Greek poet of the Peloponnesus who was so highly esteemed in antiquity that in the well-known Stephanos (“Garland”), a collection compiled by Meleager (early 1st century), the “lilies of Anyte” are the first poems to be entwined in the “wreath of poets.” Anyte’s fame persisted, and Antipater of Thessalonica, writing during the reign of Augustus (27 bc–ad 14), called her “a woman Homer” and placed her in a list of nine lyric poetesses. Of 24 extant epigrams assigned to her, 20 are believed to be genuine. In her dedicatory epigrams her verse is akin to that of Theocritus and Leonidas, her contemporaries. Her dedications for fountains and to the nymphs of the springs show the Greek feeling for a quiet landscape that is so often illustrated in the Greek Anthology. She wrote epitaphs, perhaps literary rather than for actual use, on various animals. She gives no suggestion of herself in her poems and never employs the theme of love. Her love of nature and interest in animals mark her as typical of the early years of the Hellenistic period.


Texts:

Antibia:
    παρθένον Ἀντιβίαν κατοδύρομαι, ἇς ἐπὶ πολλοὶ
          νυμφίοι ἱέμενοι πατρὸς ἵκοντο δόμον,
    κάλλευς καὶ πινυτᾶτος ἀνὰ κλέος· ἀλλ᾽ ἐπὶ πάντων
          ἐλπίδας οὐλομένα Μοῖρ᾽ ἐκύλισε πρόσω.

    (Anthologia Graeca, VII, 490)

Locri:
    ὤλεο δή ποτε καὶ σὺ πολύρριζον παρὰ θάμνον,
          Λόκρι, φιλοφθόγγων ὠκυτάτη σκυλάκων·
    τοῖον ἐλαφρίζοντι τεῶι ἐγκάτθετο κώλωι
          ἰὸν ἀμείλικτον ποικιλόδειρος ἔχις.

    (Pollux, V, 48)


Three Girls:
    οἰχόμεθ᾽, ὦ Μίλητε, φίλη πατρί, τῶν ἀθεμίστων
          τὰν ἄνομον Γαλατᾶν ὕβριν ἀναινόμεναι,
    παρθενικαὶ τρισσαὶ πολιήτιδες, ἃς ὁ βιατὰς
          Κελτῶν εἰς ταύτην μοῖραν ἔτρεψεν Ἄρης.

    οὐ γὰρ ἐμείναμεν αἷμα τὸ δυσσεβὲς οὐδ᾽ Ὑμέναιον,
          νυμφίον ἀλλ᾽ Ἀίδην κηδεμόν᾽ εὑρόμεθα.

    (Anthologia Graeca, VII, 492)

A Persian Slave:
Μάνης οὗτος ἀνὴρ ἦν ζῶν ποτε· νῦν δὲ τεθνηκὼς
      ἶσον Δαρείωι τῶι μεγάλωι δύναται.

(Anthologia Graeca, VII, 538)

Saturday, 1 March 2014

BANNED IN SPARTA!!




For an ancient Greek soldier, losing your shield was the height of disgrace (because it generally meant that you'd flung that huge, heavy thing away as you deserted and ran to save your miserable cowardly life).

Hence the Spartan mother's comment to her departing son:
“Come home victorious, My Son, proudly bearing your battle-scarred shield; or come home carried on it as your funeral bier, having attained a beautiful death and fallen gloriously in combat against the foe!”

At least, that's what she meant. But they were people of few words, the Spartans, so what she actually said was:   “With it, or on it!”

The poet Archilochus (648 BC) seems to have been a disreputable sort of character. A later writer claimed that the Spartans actually banned his poetry in case it corrupted their children, “lest it harm their morals more than it benefited their talents”).

Perhaps the following are a couple of the poems that got him banned.

Here's the first.  Very literally it would translate as something like:

Some Thracian is pleased with my shield, which I left undamaged beside a bush.
But I escaped death. Good riddance to the shield. I'll get another, no worse.

In other words, he dropped it and ran away.  Oh, the shame!
I've never tried translating Greek verse, but I thought this might be a fun place to start. Here we go...

Some Thracian got my brand new shield.
I dumped it as I fled.
Oh well. I'll buy another one.
It's gone – but I'm not dead!

Or maybe...

Some Thracian's got the shield I bore.
I dropped it when I ran away.
It's just a shield. There's plenty more.
I lived to fight another day.

He wrote an equally scandalous verse about his spear (which, of course, should be used for killing enemies):

Literally: My bread is kneaded with my spear, my Ismarian wine is mixed with my spear, and I drink reclining upon my spear.

My effort:

I use my spear to knead my bread,
I use my spear to stir my wine,
I lean on it when I get drunk,
and these jobs suit my spear just fine!

You can kinda see why the Spartans wouldn't like him.